DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstract

Developing Critical Thinking in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.
This paper examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students’ cognitive abilities, particularly on critical thinking, and strategies for developing students’ critical thinking skills in an AI-driven environment. We believe that critical thinking is essential in preserving freedom of conscience and in developing effective problem-solving skills in current circumstances. AI has become widely used in daily life as well as in academic activities, with implications that are not yet fully understood and managed. The use of artificial intelligence in education offers the benefit of personalized education in terms of content, feedback, and evaluation, the possibility of simulated learning through virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality technologies, and other advantages. However, these advantages are accompanied by potential drawbacks, including overreliance on AI, diminished motivation, reduced memory retention, and a decline in students’ analytical and problem-solving skills. Concerns are also raised regarding mental health, social isolation, and the effects of attentional overload caused by digital technologies. Critical thinking, which involves analysis, evaluation, reasoning, and informed decision-making, is especially at risk. The article emphasizes that these skills are cultivated rather than innate, and should therefore be intentionally developed through educational practices. Yet, traditional teaching methods—focused heavily on memorization — often fail to promote such competencies. The widespread availability of AI tools further complicates this issue by offering ready-made solutions that may replace independent reasoning. Educators should not ban AI, but guide students in using it responsibly. This involves training students to question AI-generated content, verify information across sources, and use AI as a tool for deeper understanding rather than as a substitute for thinking. Practical strategies include designing assessments that foster analysis and creativity, encouraging open-ended problem-solving, and integrating philosophy or logic-based courses to strengthen reasoning. Teachers themselves must also be equipped to foster critical thinking, though systemic issues such as large class sizes, rigid curricula, and limited instructional time hinder these efforts.